17 Yun si et al, reported a significant reduction in fasting and postprandial glucose and decreasing HbA1c in probiotic (BNR17) treated rats.18 In the present study, we were not able to demonstrate any significant effect on fasting blood glucose after treating with probiotics. Serum triglyceride concentration was decreased but the change was not statistically significant. The reasons for these unexpected results can be related to either the small sample size or short duration of the study. Gilliland et al. observed some strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus may decrease cholesterol absorption by enhancing the binding of cholesterol to the intestinal lumen.19 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Other SP600125 solubility dmso possible cholesterol lowering properties of probiotics are deconjugation

of bile by bile Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical salt hydrolyses, binding of cholesterol to cellular surface and coprecipitation of cholesterol with deconjugated bile.20 This study showed no significant improvement in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and or HDL-cholesterol after treating diabetic patients with probiotics. Yadav et al. in their study on diabetic rats reported a marked reduction in pancreatic tissue oxidative damage due

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation.21 In another study the same investigators showed that probiotic dahi not only decreases oxidative damage but also increases the antioxidant content and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in diabetic rats.22 The mechanism Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical by which oxidative stress results in diabetic complications and tissue damage is the overproduction of the reactive oxygen species and reduction of the antioxidant defense function of the body. Lipid peroxidation

is one of the main biological targets of oxidative stress, which leads to formation of secondary products such as malondialdehyde that exacerbates oxidative damage. MDA has been found Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to significantly increase in pathological conditions,23 which is considered as a common oxidative stress biomarker in recent years. The present study, showed a reduction in MDA levels in probiotic-treated group; however, the reduction was not statistically Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase significant. Ejtahed et al.24 showed a significant reduction in blood glucose and MDA level in type 2 diabetic patients after consuming probiotic yogurt. Songisepp et al. evaluated the functional efficacy of antioxidative properties of probiotic in healthy subjects and found a significant improvement in blood total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) after receiving probiotics.25 Harisa et al. also reported a significant decrease in MDA concentration after treating diabetic rats with L. acidophilus.26 Divergent evidence is available on the anti-inflammatory properties of Probiotics. While some studies reported beneficial effect,27 others showed no effect at all. In this study, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was reduced while CRP levels were elevated but the change was not statistically significant. Marschan et al.