During these years he hebraized his name to “Dan Yaalon”, somethi

During these years he hebraized his name to “Dan Yaalon”, something that signaled an established life in Israel, and married Rita Singer. Together Rita and Dan shared nearly six decades and established a family that includes two sons and daughters-in-law, and seven grandchildren. As a PhD student in the early 1950s, the soil chemist Avraham Adolf Reifenberg became Yaalon’s advisor. Yaalon was impressed by the Autophagy activator small Department of Soil Science’s focus on arid zone soils, common worldwide but vastly understudied at that time with significant questions and needs that ranged from the local to global. In day-to-day terms however, Yaalon commented, “Doing

research in those early days, with meager resources, involved overcoming many difficulties. Essentially self-taught we did our best to establish the research and teaching laboratories. These comments reveal perspectives strongly held by Yaalon about life and work. To Yaalon, “ingrained curiosity” was the basis for successful engagement with science. Yaalon’s university education, in Denmark, Sweden, and Israel, challenged him in ways that fed his native curiosity and gave him confidence that Earth’s soil was well worth a life’s work. The making of a scientist according to Yaalon, included much that is fortuitous, unplanned, and even unfair, but what makes

a successful scientist is click here “grabbing an opportunity when it arises.” Whether in science or in life, he said, “much is due to accidental events but what you make of it is very much subject to your choice and efforts.” Given the gravity of the “accidental events” in Yaalon’s life, these words underscore an incredibly positive message about science, life, and living. Soil Science has no age but will always be remembered through its history. These words were used in Resveratrol 2000 at the Ghent University to honor Dan Yaalon’s

contributions to the history of soil science (Gabriels 2000). Dan was born in 1924 in a small town in the former Czechoslovakia. His original name was Hardy Berger but he changed it shortly after coming to Israel. “Yaalon” was a play on the German meaning of Berger (a mountain dweller), his mother’s Czech surname Jellinek (a mountain goat) and the Hebrew word “Aliyah” (literally, ascent), which united the three concepts. Now it is our time to say good-bye to Dan and to honor his achievements. Dan was not the first to study the history of soil science, but he contributed richly and uniquely to its growing archive of scholarship, and was the moving force in creating a community in which it could prosper. And Dan saw history as but one component of the study of soils in the context of the human experience. While the philosophy and sociology of soil science remain in the incipient stage, Dan’s vision made a place for them at the table and he actively encouraged other scientists to take up study of these topics.

No-targeted MS/MS data was processed by qualitative MassHunter an

No-targeted MS/MS data was processed by qualitative MassHunter and Mass Profiler. A total number of 8261 metabolites at 5000 cps threshold were extracted to avoid false positives. Data was further processed to get molecular features which Olaparib ic50 are significant and differentially expressed in the samples using one way ANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg correction and fold change analysis. A 40 fold decrease in molecular features was observed after selecting the metabolite with fold change ≥2 and of high abundance.

PCA was performed via transformation of measured variables into uncorrelated principal components, each being a linear combination of the original variables. Analysis of molecular features gave a clear separation in PCA space of the analyzed S. asoca samples

and drugs [ Fig. 2]. Fig. 2A shows more variability among MFs from different plant parts [i.e. bark, regenerated bark, flower and leaves], as compared to that of variability between MFs obtained from hot and cold water extracts of the same part of the plant. The first PCA axis in the analysis of plant parts showed approximately 26.8% of the total variance allowing a full separation of the samples [ Fig. 2A]. It indicates large biological fluctuation in metabolite composition of plant parts. The leading PCA axes for metabolite profiles of the Ashokarista showed 40.87% of the total metabolic variance. These observations reflect that metabolites JAK2 inhibitor drug in different plant parts are very diverse and extraction procedure [hot and cold water extract] has less effect on variation in molecular features. Interestingly as show in Fig. 2B, major variations were observed only in the Ashokarista formulations as compared to plant parts. Variations in PCA space was due to the marker ions that accounted for the difference among the S. asoca samples and drugs. Additionally, Venn diagram indicated 53.59% variations in between

the formulations of Ashokarishta. SNK Post Hoc test was applied to find out the differentially and non-differentially expressed molecular features. A total number of 637 metabolites were selected on the basis of their frequency across the Adenylyl cyclase samples and significance [p < 0.05]. Table 2 showing the entities found to be differentially expressed and entities found not to be differentially expressed across the samples. PLS-DA, a widely used supervised pattern recognition method capable of sample class prediction was used to construct and validate a statistical model for sample classification and discrimination. The results of sample classification are presented in terms of discrimination and recognition abilities, representing the percentage of the samples correctly classified during model training and cross-validation. The recognition ability of the model was found to be 93.33% which was almost equal to the discrimination ability [94.

For Ratio spectrum of GBP, MCB and ALP, spectrum of the mixture w

For Ratio spectrum of GBP, MCB and ALP, spectrum of the mixture was divided by standard spectrum of MCB (0.5 μg/ml) and ALP (100 μg/ml); GBP (100 μg/ml) and ALP (100 μg/ml); and MCB (0.5 μg/ml)

and GBP (100 μg/ml) respectively. Obtained ratio spectra were smoothed (Δλ = 10) and converted to first order derivative spectrum (Δλ = 10, SF = 10 for GBP and MCB; Δλ = 10, SF = 1 for ALP). Amplitude (dA/dλ) of GBP, MCB and ALP were measured at 731.10 nm, 768.53 nm and 242.21 nm Dabrafenib respectively. Concentrations of GBP, MCB and ALP were computed by putting value of their amplitudes in respective standard regression equation obtained from calibration curve. The analysis procedure was repeated six times with tablet formulation. Excellent linearity was obtained for all the three drugs in the range of 100–500 μg/ml for GBP and ALP; and 0.5–2.5 μg/ml MCB. Linearity of GBP, MCB and ALP were shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively. The correlation coefficients (r2) were found to be greater than 0.998 (n = 6) in all instances. LOD and LOQ were found to be 3.09 μg/ml and 9.37 μg/ml for GBP; 0.03 μg/ml and 0.10 μg/ml for MCB; and 4.79 μg/ml and 14.52 μg/ml for ALP ( Table 1). The proposed method afforded high recoveries for GBP,

MCB and ALP tablets. Results obtained from recovery studies shown in Table 2 indicate that find more this assay procedure can be used for routine quality control analysis of this ternary mixture in tablets. Precision of the analytical method was found to be reliable based on % RSD (<2%) corresponding to the peak areas. The % RSD values were less than 2, for intra-day and inter-day precision. Hence, the method was found to be precise for all the three

drugs. In all deliberately varied conditions for robustness study, the % RSD of GBP, MCB and ALP were found to be well within the acceptable limit (<1.5%) for robustness study ( Table 3). The validated method was used in the analysis of marketed conventional tablet trigabantin 100 with a label claim: 100 mg GBP, 500 μg MCB and 100 mg ALP per tablet. The results for the drugs assay shown in Table 4 indicate a good agreement with the label claims. The spectrum of blank does not show any interference at the detection Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase of GBP, MCB and ALP as it can be seen from the respective spectra ( Fig. 5). The results of stability study of drugs shown in Table 5. The developed Ratio spectra derivative spectroscopic method is simple, accurate and precise for the simultaneous determination of GBP, MCB and ALP from tablets. It was successfully validated in terms of linearity, range, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness in accordance with ICH Guidelines. Thus, the described method is suitable for routine analysis and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations containing these drugs in combination. All authors have none to declare.

Bimodal distribution of the Berg Balance Scale has been reported

Bimodal distribution of the Berg Balance Scale has been reported previously (Berg et al 1995, Downs et al 2012), suggesting subjects might be categorised

into two distinct groups: those able to stand independently and those unable to stand independently. Where people were able to stand independently, they were also able to attempt and usually achieve a score on several items, generally achieving a Berg Balance Scale score greater than 20. Those unable to stand independently are unable to attempt these items and usually score less than 15. The dichotomous nature of these two groups suggests that the absolute reliability of the lower Berg Balance Scale between 0 and 20 cannot be validly inferred from data related to the higher 20 to 56 range. This review was underpinned Epacadostat mouse by very broad inclusion criteria which may have impacted the findings. Although

studies published in non-English journals were excluded, most of the studies in this review were performed in countries predominantly speaking a language other than English and may have used translations Selleckchem GSK1349572 of the Berg Balance Scale. Our meta-analysis has shown that the Berg Balance Scale has high intra- and inter-rater relative reliability. Several studies of absolute reliability suggest that the Berg Balance Scale is able to detect many clinically significant changes in balance with 95% confidence, although some individuals might experience moderate change in balance that cannot be reliably detected by the Berg Balance Scale. This review found little evidence describing the absolute reliability of the Berg Balance Scale for people with a Berg Balance Scale score between 0 and 20. eAddenda: Appendix 1 available at jop.physiotherapy.asn.au Support: Research was conducted as part of a Master’s degree with the University of Newcastle. We thank Alastair Merrifield from the NSW Centre for Epidemiology and Research for his assistance with the project. “
“Most patients admitted to an intensive

care unit need mechanical ventilation. The cost of managing ventilated patients is high, with high morbidity and mortality, including complications such as ventilator-induced lung injury (Vincent et al 1995) and ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (Vassilakopoulos and Petrof 2004). Therefore, however it is important to recognise patients who are ready to be weaned from mechanical ventilation and to wean them as quickly as possible (Ely et al 2001, Zeggwagh et al 1999). Immobility, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and systemic infection and inflammation are associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction in critically ill patients (Prentice et al 2010). The disuse atrophy can result from decreased protein synthesis (Ku et al 1995) and from increased proteolysis, together with oxidative stress indicated by increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation (Shanely et al 2002).

For this purpose, 50 μL of Acamprosate D12 ((IS) concentration of

For this purpose, 50 μL of Acamprosate D12 ((IS) concentration of 50 ng/mL) 250 μL plasma (respective concentration of plasma sample) was added into riavials then vortexed approximately. Followed by 1000 μl of water was added and vortexed for 2 min. These samples were added into SPE Catridges (Agilent polymer SAX,

3 Ml, 60 mg, 60 μm) which were pre conditioned with 1 ml methanol, followed TGF-beta assay by 1 ml water. After that, the samples which were in SPE, were washed with 1 ml water, followed by 1 ml Methanol. Elute the cartridges with 2 ml of 20% formic acid solution into separate glass cultured tubes and evaporate at 70 °C. Then these samples were reconstituted with 100 μL of 20% formic acid solution PH-3.5 and vortexed. Finally, 900 μL of acetonitrile was added to each sample and vortexed for 2 min. At last, these

samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm at 20 °C for 5 min. BAY 73-4506 mw Then transferred the sample into auto sampler vials with caps and 20 μL of sample from each autosampler was allowed to instrument at optimized chromatographic conditions. Six different screened lots of human plasma samples were selected from different donors for selectivity. These screened lots were used for validation experiments to test for interference at the retention time of analyte internal standard. The matrix effect due to the plasma matrix was used to evaluate the ion suppression/enhancement in a signal when comparing the absolute response of QC samples after pretreatment (SPE) with the reconstitution samples extracted blank plasma sample spiking with analyte. Experiments were performed at LQC and HQC levels in triplicate with six different plasma lots with the acceptable precision (%CV) of ≤15%. It was determined by replicate analysis of quality control samples (n = 6) at LLOQ (lower limit of quantification), LQC (low quality control), MQC (medium quality control), HQC (high quality control) and ULOQ (upper limit of quantification) levels. Precision and accuracy should be within 15% for all the standards except LLOQ. For LLOQ it should be within 20%. The recovery

was carried out between extracted area to non extracted area of each concentration. until For Acamprosate recovery was proved at LQC, MQC, HQC level and for Acamprosate D12 recovery was proved at single concentration at respective standards. During real subject sample analysis, some unknown sample concentrations may fall above ULOQ and below MQC Level. To evaluate the actual concentration of those unknown samples, dilution integrity test was performed at 1.5 times of ULOQ concentrations were prepared and performed at six replicates from each level (½, ¼ of ULOQ) and calculated by applying dilution factor 2 and 4 with freshly prepared standards. Stability of the drug was proved in stock solution, and in plasma samples. Stability of internal standard was proved in stock solution.

84; 95% CI 0 72–0 99; p = 0 032) ( Table 3) Children with mother

84; 95% CI 0.72–0.99; p = 0.032) ( Table 3). Children with mothers aged 25–34 and 35–44 years were more likely to be vaccinated than children with mothers <25 years of age (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.15–1.62; p < 0.001; and aOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.10–1.64; p = 0.003, respectively). Children aged 2–5 years and >5 years of age were more likely to be vaccinated compared with those below

two years of age (aOR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.20–1.59; p < 0.001; and aOR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.23–1.63; p < 0.001, respectively). Finally, children that had a sibling hospitalized within one year prior to vaccine campaign were more likely to be vaccinated than children from households with no hospitalizations reported within one year prior to the campaign (aOR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.40–2.14; p < 0.001) ( Table 3). Influenza is a vaccine-preventable cause of medically attended illness, hospitalizations http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-0332991-palbociclib-isethionate.html and death each year in Kenya [10]. Despite the free distribution of influenza vaccine to children,

we observed a vaccine uptake of 37% for fully vaccinated children. While this compares favorably to the 33% uptake of seasonal vaccine observed in the United States during the 2004–2005 influenza season when vaccine was first recommended for young children compound screening assay [27], much room for improvement Org 27569 remains. While economic considerations are critical to future vaccine campaigns in Africa, behavioral determinants for seeking immunization are

also among the myriad challenges to improving influenza immunization rates in Africa. These factors are therefore important to consider in the implementation of future influenza vaccines campaigns. Multiple factors influence healthcare utilization at clinics, including cost, distance, quality of care, and severity of illness [28], [29], [30] and [31]. In the HDSS in western Kenya, many ill persons do not utilize free high-quality referral clinics; in 2009 only 30–40% of ill participants sought care at any clinic and only a half of those went to designated PBIDS referral clinics [22]. Accessibility to vaccination services in terms of walking time to the nearest place of vaccination, the child’s age, age of the mother, and the mother’s education have been cited as some of the determinants of vaccination in children in Africa [18]. Distance to the nearest vaccination facility, the child’s age and age of the mother clearly also played an important role in the use of fixed vaccination sites in this Kenyan context. In this study, as well as previous studies in developing countries [32] and [33], greater distance to primary health care facilities was negatively associated with vaccine uptake.

In this study factorial design based on the response surface meth

In this study factorial design based on the response surface method was adopted to optimize effective factors for the release of the drug from the microspheres. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and all statistical analysis were also performed using the software. Calculation of the effects was performed. The significant effects would constitute the model. The F-value was then calculated by comparing the treatment variance with

the error variance. The multiple correlation co-efficient was calculated which is a measure of the amount of variation about the mean, which is explained by the model. The main effects and interactions are plotted and results interpreted. All assumptions underlying the ANOVA are checked. For statistical purposes, the assumption is http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pazopanib-Hydrochloride.html made that residuals are normally distributed Compound C chemical structure and independent with constant variance. Eudragit microspheres of tinidazole were successfully prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The results shown in Table 3 indicates that optimum concentration of surfactant (1% w/v) and stirring speed (2500 rpm) showed higher percent of entrapment

efficiency while change in stirring speed up to optimum range and change the surfactant concentration up to optimum range change the percent entrapment efficiency (Table 4). Also the percentage yield of microspheres of all formulations was found in the range of 68.6–77.5 %. The microspheres were characterized for particle size analysis within range of 585.6 μm–986 μm (Table 4). The FTIR spectra of

pure drug, Eudragit and tinidazole microspheres were shown in (Fig. 1). It shows that no incompatibility reactions took place between drug and excipients. The value of angle of repose of formulation within the range of 17°.97′ ± 0.51–26°.22′ ± 0.22 indicating through good flow properties for the microspheres. The bulk density values ranged between 0.148 ± 0.001 and 0.278 ± 0.004 gm/cm3. The tapped density values ranged between 0.206 ± 0.002 and 0.401 ± 0.03 (gm/cm). The Carr’s index values ranged between 17.55 ± 3.0 % and 42.80 ± 1.2% and Hausner’s ratio values ranged between 1.2140 ± 0.04 to 1.7148 ± 0.08 which can described by Table 5. The in vitro release study was carried out by buffer change method to mimic the GIT environment. Drug release for the initial 2 h i.e. in 0.1 N HCL, the drug release was found to be low in all cases. Then drug release is found 92.74% at the end of 8 h in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, shown in Fig. 2. The produced microspheres were spherical, non aggregated with rough and porous surface, as shown in scanning electron micrographs (Fig. 3). The surface of microspheres was rough due to arising as a trace of solvent evaporation during the process. ANOVA results indicated that concentration of surfactant and stirring speed showed individual effect on % drug release. There is no significant interaction between surfactant and stirring speed.

L’amélioration du score de l’Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) a été si

L’amélioration du score de l’Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) a été significativement meilleure dans le groupe topiramate (p = 0,022) [30] and [31]. Un autre

essai monocentrique randomisé contrôlé versus placebo, en double insu pendant dix semaines (n = 60), a retrouvé une proportion significativement plus importante de patientes diminuant de plus de la moitié la fréquence de leurs crises de boulimie et/ou conduites de purge dans le groupe recevant du topiramate (36,6 versus 3,3 % ; p < 0,001) [32]. Un essai monocentrique randomisé contrôlé versus placebo, en double insu pendant 14 semaines (n = 61), a retrouvé une diminution significativement plus importante de la fréquence des crises de boulimie (94 contre 46 %), du nombre de jours avec crises de boulimie (93 contre 46 %) et du poids dans le groupe recevant du topiramate [33]. Un autre essai multicentrique click here randomisé contrôlé versus placebo,

en double insu pendant 16 semaines (n = 394), a rapporté une réduction significativement plus importante du nombre de crises de boulimie par semaine (–5,0 + –4,3 versus –3,4 + –3,8 ; p < 0,001) et du poids (−4,5 ± 5,1 kg versus 0,2 ± 3,2 kg ; p < 0,001) dans le groupe recevant du topiramate [34]. Un essai monocentrique randomisé contrôlé versus placebo, en double insu pendant 21 semaines (n = 73), en association avec des sessions de groupe de thérapie cognitivo-comportementale, a retrouvé une perte de poids significativement plus importante dans le groupe MRIP recevant du topiramate (p < 0,001). La réduction de la fréquence des crises de boulimie n’était pas significativement this website différente entre les deux groupes [35]. Un essai multicentrique randomisé contrôlé versus placebo, en double insu pendant 14 semaines (n = 42), n’a pas retrouvé de différence significative dans une analyse avec un modèle de régression mixte (temps × traitement) sur le score à la Pathological Gambling Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS) (critère de jugement principal) ou sur les scores à la Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), la Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), et la CGI (critères de jugement secondaires) [36]. Un essai monocentrique

randomisé contrôlé versus fluvoxamine, en simple insu (évaluateur) pendant 12 semaines (n = 31), a retrouvé neuf patients en rémission complète parmi les 12 du groupe topiramate ayant terminé l’étude et six patients en rémission complète parmi les huit du groupe fluvoxamine ayant terminé l’étude [37]. Les effets indésirables les plus fréquents rapportés chez les sujets recevant du topiramate étaient les paresthésies, observées chez la moitié des patients environ (p < 0,003) [18], [20] and [26], l’asthénie, rapportée chez un cinquième des patients environ (p < 0,05) [10], [18] and [26], les troubles de la concentration, retrouvés chez 15 à 20 % des patients (p < 0,02) [18] and [20] et l’anorexie retrouvée chez un cinquième des patients (p < 0,001) [20].

Instead, they

Instead, they Selleckchem Ruxolitinib argue that a classification system should readily convey a person’s level of disability, which is best gauged by looking at the overall sensory and motor deficits. Of course, the tallied sensory and motor scores can be used for

this purpose. However, tags of ‘incomplete’ or ‘complete’ SCI which are reliant on S4/5 sensory and motor function are often misunderstood outside professional spheres. “
“Latest update: 2010. Next update: Not indicated. Patient group: Older adults living in the community and residential aged care. Intended audience: Clinicians in contact with older persons. Additional versions: This is an update of the 2001 guidelines. Patient education resources and summary documents are available at the website below. Expert working group: The working party of 12 consisted of representatives from: the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the American Board of Internal Medicine, the American College of Emergency Physicians, the American Geriatrics Society, the American Medical Association (AMA), the American Occupational Therapy Association, the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists, the British Geriatrics Society, the John A Hartford Foundation Institute for Geriatric Nursing at www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html New York University, and the National Association for Home Care and Hospice.

Funded by: American Geriatrics Society. Consultation with: Representatives of over 20 British and American medical societies, including the APTA and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapists. Approved by: Several societies including American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, APTA, AMA, and the AAOS. Location:

All material related to the guidelines are available unless at: http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/clinical_practice/clinical_guidelines_recommendations/2010/ Description: These guidelines present evidence for the screening and assessment of older persons for falls risk, and provide evidence-based guidelines for intervention to prevent falls in older persons living in the community or residential aged care facilities, and in those with cognitive impairment. A clinical algorithm is presented describing a systematic process of decision-making and intervention that should occur in the management of older persons who present in a clinical setting with recurrent falls, difficulty walking, or in the emergency department following a fall. Latest evidence for screening of falls risk is presented. Multifactorial falls risk assessment is advocated, with updated recommendations presented for assessment. Evidence for multifactorial/multicomponent interventions are outlined, including recommendations that all interventions for community-residing persons include an exercise component.

Given that PRV is an oral vaccine, these results likely reflect t

Given that PRV is an oral vaccine, these results likely reflect that, in developing countries, oral vaccines have a history of being less immunogenic than in the developed world. These differences of oral vaccines have been

postulated due to differences in the level of transplacentally acquired maternal antibody, immune and non-immune components of breast milk, the amount of gastric acid in the digestive tract, micronutrient malnutrition, interfering gut flora, and diarrheal and immune system disease [15], [27], [28] and [29]. In the case of Bangladesh versus Vietnam, the reasons for the decreased EPZ5676 chemical structure immunogenicity of PRV in Bangladeshi infants may be due to a combination of the differences in host populations and their associated health conditions, which include malnutrition selleck products and concomitant infections of the gut with several enteropathogens. In addition, the PD3 anti-rotavirus IgA GMT levels were also reduced in Asian subjects when compared to those of subjects in developed world

countries [12], [13], [18], [21], [22], [23] and [24]. The GMT (69.3 dilution units/mL) of the serum anti-rotavirus IgA at PD3 of Asian subjects was approximately 2-fold lower than those measured 14 or 42 days after Dose 3 in subjects in developed countries. However, once again, the pattern was not the same when the two countries were evaluated separately. The GMT level of the serum anti-rotavirus

IgA at PD3 of Bangladeshi subjects was 29.1 dilution units/mL, approximately 5- to 10-fold lower than those measured 14 or 42 days after Dose 3 in subjects in developed countries, while the PD3 GMT level of the serum IgA in Vietnamese subjects (158.5 dilution units/mL) was approximately the same as those measured 14 or 42 days after Dose 3 in subjects in the EU and Latin America [21] and [24]. The clinical significance of these observations is not understood because an immune correlate of TCL protection has not been established. SNA responses to each of the five human serotypes, G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A[8], contained in PRV were also evaluated at pD1 and PD3 in Asian subjects. The results showed a ≥3-fold rise in SNA responses to rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1A[8] in varying percentages in the Asian subjects. A consistent and similar pattern was observed when the data from Bangladesh and Vietnam were compared to those of the African subjects [25] and [26]. For serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A[8], the ≥3-fold SNA response rates in Bangladeshi subjects were approximately 50, 30, 10, 35, and 40 percentage points, respectively, lower than those exhibited by subjects in the US, EU, Taiwan, Korea, and Latin America [12], [13], [18], [21], [22], [23] and [24].