After reviewing the title or abstract for evidence of the use of US for the diagnosis of musculo-skeletal lesions in haemophilia, we selected 24 of these references. We added data collected from our experience to the most important data found in the references. Our main conclusion is that US is highly valuable for the diagnosis of musculo-skeletal diseases in haemophilia. It is a fast, effective, safe, available, comparative, real-time technique that can help us confirm the clinical examination. It is particularly important in acute haemarthrosis, as it can be used to objectively identify the presence of blood in the joints, measure its

size, pinpoint its location, assess its evolution and 3-MA order confirm its complete disappearance. “
“Children with active selleckchem bleeding or a history of excessive bleeding need a structured evaluation to determine if they suffer from a bleeding disorder and, if so, the etiology of the bleeding disorder. A structured evaluation should

begin with a comprehensive medical history focusing on the child’s history of bleeding. The bleeding history is optimally obtained using validated bleeding questionnaires. This is followed by a thorough family history taking note of abnormal bleeding in close relatives, and any history of parental consanguinity. The physical examination should look for clues to possible underlying bleeding disorders. In general, laboratory testing commences with screening tests. These are able, in most cases, to point toward possible underlying disorders that can be confirmed by specific laboratory tests. Unfortunately,

mild bleeding disorders are often not detected in screening tests and, in children with clinically significant bleeding, additional specific tests are warranted. “
“Summary.  von Willebrand’s disease (VWD) is regarded as the most common congenital bleeding disorder, and although not available in all laboratories von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity is most frequently assessed as ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo). This test can be technically challenging, is subject to poor sensitivity (∼20 IU dL−1 VWF:RCo) MCE公司 and has a high degree of inter- and intra-assay imprecision [coefficient of variation (cv) > 25%]. We studied an automated assay using a combined fixed platelet/ristocetin reagent (BC von Willebrand reagent, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) on the CS-2000i analyser (Sysmex UK Ltd). Initially inter- and intra-assay imprecision was assessed. The automated method showed good day-to-day reproducibility and linearity of standard curves. This technique, also gave low intra- and inter-assay imprecision using commercial normal (cv < 4.5%) and pathological (cv < 8.1%) control plasmas.