Cancerous liver cells can synthesize a large quantity of AFP, so

Cancerous liver cells can synthesize a large quantity of AFP, so AFP may be used as a biomarker for primary liver selleck compound cancers. Liver cancer cells expressing AFP show a tendency towards early vascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis. For primary liver cancer detection, the sensitivity for AFP is 79% and the specificity is 78%. The presence of AFP mRNA in peripheral blood reflects the level of free circulating peripheral liver cancer cells and allows early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, as well as signaling cancer recurrence or metastasis.26�C28 Anti- tumor drugs connected with anti-AFP monoclonal antibodies can destroy tumor cells while causing only minor injury to normal cells, so are playing an increasingly important role in HCC treatment.

29�C31 This study exploited the hydrophilic and biocompatible characteristics of polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid block copolymers, and developed polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid block copolymer brucine nanoparticles. These have a number of advantages including good sustained release and strong targeting, and overcomes the disadvantages of brucine such as high toxicity, wide distribution, and short half-life. For the first time, we used phacoemulsification technology to combine brucine and carboxylated polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid block copolymers to produce brucine nanoparticles, and we coupled the C-terminal polyethylene glycol with anti-human AFP McAb to improve the link ability. The BIN was successfully prepared, and results showed that the BIN had a uniform size distribution.

In experiments, brucine was completely released into the medium within 2 hours, while brucine in immuno-nanoparticles was completely released within 48 hours. In vitro experiments showed that BIN specifically targeted the liver cell membrane and had stronger liver cancer cell growth inhibition properties than brucine in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Regarding liver cancer cell inhibition, the IC50 of BIN was lower than that of brucine and brucine nanoparticles, and close to that of 5-FU. After 72 hours, an increased dose caused the number of liver cancer cells to reduce, pseudopodia disappeared, ��bubble�� phenomena appeared in the cytoplasm, cells shrank, cell peripheral refraction weakened, and adhesion capacity decreased.

Primary liver Batimastat cancer invasion and metastasis is a multi-step and complex process involving a series of important changes including cell adhesion, matrix degradation, cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and leads to recurrence and metastasis which severely impair the effects and prognosis of treatment.4 Recurrence and metastasis are important biological behaviors of malignant tumors. Malignant cell invasion and metastasis begin with intercellular adhesion loss after early local infiltration.

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