In this Account, we focus on graphene functionalization via electron transfer chemistries, in particular via reactions with aryl diazonium salts. Because electron transfer chemistries www.selleckchem.com/products/dorsomorphin-2hcl.html depend on the Fermi energy of graphene and the density of states of the reagents, the resulting reaction rate depends on the number of graphene layers, edge states, defects, atomic structure, and the electrostatic environment. We limit our Account to focus on pristine graphene over graphene oxide, because free electrons in the latter are already bound to oxygen-containing functionalities and the resulting chemistries are dominated by localized reactivity and defects. We describe the reaction mechanism of diazonium functionalization of graphene and show that the reaction conditions determine the relative degrees of chemisorption and physisorption, which allows for controlled modulation of the electronic properties of graphene.
Finally we discuss different applications for graphene modified by this chemistry, including as an additive In polymer matrices, as biosensors when coupled with cells and biomolecules, and as catalysts when combined with nanoparticles.”
“Photoluminescent nanomaterials continue to gamer research attention because of their many applications. For many years, researchers have focused on quantum dots (QDs) of semiconductor nanocrystals for their excellent performance and predictable fluorescence color variations that depend on the sizes of the nanocrystals. Even with these advantages, QDs can present some major limitations, such as the use of heavy metals in the high-performance semiconductor QDs.
Therefore, researchers continue to be Interested in developing new QDs or related nanomaterials. Recently, various nanoscale configurations of carbon have emerged as potential new platforms in the development of brightly photoluminescent AV-951 materials.
As a perfect pi-conjugated cause single sheet, graphene lacks electronic bandgaps and is not photoluminescent. Therefore, researchers have created energy bandgaps within graphene as a strategy to impart fluorescence emissions. Researchers have explored many experimental techniques to introduce bandgaps, such as cutting graphene sheets into small pieces or manipulating then electronic network to form quantum-confined sp(2) “”islands”" In a graphene sheet, which apparently Involve the formation or exploitation of structural defects. In fact, defects in graphene materials not only play a critical role in the creation of bandgaps for emissive electronic transitions, but also contribute directly to the bright photoluminescence emissions observed in these materials.