“
“Objectives: To determine the relationship between the number of delirium days experienced by intensive care patients and mortality, ventilation time, and intensive care unit stay.\n\nDesign: Prospective cohort analysis.\n\nSetting: Patients from 68 intensive care units in five countries.\n\nPatients: Three hundred fifty-four medical and surgical intensive care patients enrolled in the SEDCOM (Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Compared with Midazolam) trial received a sedative study drug and completed at least one delirium assessment.\n\nInterventions:

Sedative drug interruption and/or titration to maintain light sedation with daily arousal and delirium assessments up to 30 days of mechanical ventilation.\n\nMeasurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was all-cause selleck screening library 30-day mortality. Multivariable analysis using Cox regression incorporating selleck inhibitor delirium duration as a time-dependent variable and adjusting

for eight relevant baseline covariates was conducted to quantify the relationship between number of delirium days and the three main outcomes. Overall, delirium was diagnosed in 228 of 354 patients (64.4%). Mortality was significantly lower in patients without delirium compared to those with delirium (15 of 126 [11.9%] vs. 69 of 228 [30.3%]; p <. 001). Similarly, the median time to extubation and intensive care unit discharge were significantly shorter among nondelirious patients (3.6 vs. 10.7 days [p < .001] and 4 vs. 16 days [p < .001], respectively). In multivariable analysis, the duration of delirium exhibited a nonlinear relationship with mortality (p = .02), with the strongest association observed in the early days of delirium. In comparison to 0 days of delirium, selleckchem an independent dose-response increase in mortality was observed, which increased from 1 day of delirium (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.29; p < .001), 2 days of delirium (hazard ratio, 2.69; confidence interval, 1.58-4.57; p < .001), and >= 3 days of delirium (hazard ratio, 3.37; confidence

interval, 1.92-7.23; p < .001). Similar independent relationships were observed between delirium duration and ventilation time and intensive care length of stay.\n\nConclusions: In ventilated and lightly sedated intensive care unit patients, the duration of delirium was the strongest independent predictor of death, ventilation time, and intensive care unit stay after adjusting for relevant covariates. (Crit Care Med 2010; 38:2311-2318)”
“Study Design. Questionnaire survey.\n\nObjective. To explore spine surgeons’ attitudes toward the involvement of nonphysician clinicians (NPCs) to screen patients with low back or low back-related leg pain referred for surgical assessment.\n\nSummary of Background Data. Although the utilization of physician assistants is common in several healthcare systems, the attitude of spine surgeons toward the independent assessment of patients by NPCs remains uncertain.\n\nMethods.