Overall, the results of clinical trials to date indicate that TIP selleckchem FTY720 is a safe and effective treatment for chronic Pa lung infection in CF patients aged ��6 years. Additional applications for pulmosphere technology PulmoSphere technology was originally developed to treat ventilator associated pneumonia in intubated patients undergoing partial liquid ventilation.(40) The porous particles were designed to effectively stabilize drug suspensions in the fluorinated media used in liquid ventilation. The technology was later applied to the stabilization of suspensions in hydrofluoroalkane propellants,(41) and eventually to dry powder delivery.(18,20,42,43) PulmoSphere technology is a true ��platform,�� having demonstrated utility across multiple classes of therapeutics and delivery systems.
To date, PulmoSphere formulations have been evaluated in 18 clinical trials. There are currently six drugs under active Investigational New Drug applications in Phase II clinical development or later. These include three anti-infectives: tobramycin(9,20,35,36) and ciprofloxacin(44) to treat chronic Pa infections in CF patients, and amphotericin B to treat invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.(45) Other patient populations with Pa airway infections that may benefit from antimicrobial DPI formulations include non-CF bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PulmoSphere formulations (both DPI and metered-dose inhaler) of long-acting muscarinic antagonists, long-acting beta-agonists, and inhaled corticosteroids are in development for treating bronchoconstriction and inflammation in patients with asthma/COPD.
Dry powder PulmoSphere formulations are expected to improve lung targeting, and dose consistency for asthma/COPD therapeutics.(18,19) This may ultimately enable improvements in treatment compliance, as poor inhaler technique is a major driver for inconsistent dosing.(18,20) Beyond the products currently in development, PulmoSphere formulations have shown promise in the delivery of biologicals including peptides, proteins, antibodies,(46) and mucosal vaccines.(47) Additionally, dispersion of porous PulmoSphere particles in hydrofluoroalkane propellants increases delivered dose and improves dose content uniformity versus conventional suspension formulations, which may improve lung delivery efficiency for suspension-based pMDI formulations.
(42,43) Brefeldin_A Discussion Aerosol antibiotics for the treatment of Pa form an integral part of the treatment regimen in CF patients with chronic airways infection, although they are currently associated with a high time burden and other inconveniences. Dry powder inhalation with a portable DPI is an attractive alternative to nebulization; and using PulmoSphere technology delivers the high payload of drug to the lungs needed for effective treatment.