The results List 1|]# of the global analysis, for ?NO2 uptake by cis-[Cr(C2O4)(AaraNH2)(OH2)2]+ within the consecutive reaction model are presented in Figure 1. These data sup
Most of the wastewater treatment systems are currently operated by biological processes for the control of organic matter. Although wastewater organic matter is easily quantified by the measurements of chemical oxygen demand (COD) or total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, the analyses of the organic matter quality may not be simple because of the involvement of biological processes. For example, the effluent from biological wastewater treatment systems contains various complex organic compounds such as residual degradable and refractory influent substrates, substrate intermediates and end products [1].

Since the primary removal mechanism of the biological processes is based on the utilization of biodegradable organic substrates from sewage, the refractory organic matter (R-OM) in the influent sewage may not be easily removed during the processes.Analyses of OM characteristics in treated sewage have become important because of recent interest in reuse and/or reclamation of wastewater to resolve water shortages. The treated sewage may be used to irrigate agricultural fields where available resources of freshwater are limited or even to supplement water sources for rivers and lakes in regions with serious shortages in surface water.

Much attention has been paid to the characteristics of the organic matter present in the treated sewage because of the effects on the further treatments such as membrane processes [2] or the effects on the fate and the toxicity of organic and inorganic pollutants in receiving water [3].

In general, organic matter constituents can be classified broadly into AV-951 two compartments depending on their biodegradable versus refractory characteristics. Biodegradable OM is generally removed selectively from biological treatment processes while refractory OM remains in treated sewage. The refractory compartment is considered to be composed of humic substance (HS) components and/or very large macromolecules whereas the biodegradable compartment is generally thought to be composed of smaller molecules or larger non-humic DOM constituents (e.

g., carbohydrates, proteins) [4]. However, changes in OM characteristics that Entinostat occur during biological treatment processes may be much more complicated than expected from such a simple division [5]. For example, soluble microbial products may be released through substrate metabolism as well as by biomass decay during biological processes [6]. In addition, certain labile OM constitutes such as carbohydrates and amino acids may exist in HS-bound form [7].