campestris gum operon. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999, 65:278–282.PubMed 81. Kovach ME, Elzer PH, Hill DS, Robertson GT, Farris MA, Roop RM, Peterson KM: Four new derivatives of the broad-host-range cloning vector pBBR1MCS, carrying BI 2536 datasheet different

antibiotic-resistance cassettes. Gene 1995, 166:175–176.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions MJ performed genetic analyses of the rosR mutants, carried out experiments concerning their phenotype characterization and plant experiments, and drafted the manuscript. JK conducted EPS and LPS analyses, TP performed microscope images and parameter analyses of biofilm. AS discussed the results and elaborated the final version of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.”
“Background see more Rhodocista centenaria, first described as Rhodospirillum centenum [1] is a thermotolerant phototrophic purple bacterium of the α-proteobacteria group isolated from

hot springs in Wyoming 1985. The slightly spiroid or vibrioid shaped cells are motile by means of a single long flagellum, their intracellular photosynthetic membranes are lamellar and their in vivo absorption spectra show features almost indistinguishable from those of Rhodospirillum rubrum [2]. However, 16S rRNA analysis elucidated considerable differences between the species, hence Rhodocista was separated into a new genus [3], now consisting of three

species [4, 5]. R. RAAS inhibitor centenaria is closely related to the plant-associated genus Azospirillum [6]. As virtually all phototrophic organisms, R. centenaria exhibits a sensory response to light originally described as “”Schreckbewegung”" [7]. Engelmann and also Manten [8] found that R. rubrum cells accumulated in the most intense area of light gradients between wavelengths 800 and 900 nm. R. centenaria shows a particularly unique form of macroscopic phototactic behaviour, first described in 1994 by Gest and coworkers [9]. On solid media, the phototactic colonies ASK1 move towards longwave light and away from light with wavelengths less than 650 nm [10]. R. centenaria develops lateral flagella in viscous media or on solidified surfaces. These flagella consist of a distinct flagellin whose expression is controlled by specific mot and fli genes [11]. For R. centenaria, a close relationship between chemotaxis and the phototactic response has been found [12]. As seen with many other photosynthetic bacteria, R. centenaria has multiple chemotaxis operons with distinct functions [13–15]. The chemotaxis gene cluster has been well characterized and most of the genes are similar to those of other Gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. In brief, the histidine kinase CheA is linked to the chemotactic receptors (MCPs) by the CheW protein [16].