Predictors of BA and BMC in 17–18-year-old adolescents To determine factors that made a significant contribution to adolescent TB and LS BA and BMC, ethnicity, gender, adolescent height, adolescent weight, Tanner stage (sub-divided into early or late puberty),

GSK872 maternal height, maternal weight, maternal TB and LS BA and BMC were chosen as candidate explanatory variables for the multivariate stepwise regression analyses. The results from Selleck Osimertinib regression models are presented in Table 3. Including adolescent height, weight and maternal BA (except of TB that contributed minimally) and BMC resulted in the highest partial R 2 values for the respective adolescent bone variables. Maternal height and weight were negative predictors of adolescent BA and BMC, but contributed minimally to the overall variance. White ethnicity was a positive predictor of TB BA and

BMC and LS BMC, and male gender was a positive predictor of TB BA and BMC and LS BA. Table 3 Regression models describing the relationship between predictors and adolescent bone area and bone mineral content   TB BA (n = 1,269) TB BMC (n = 1,269) LS BA (n = 1,169) LS BMC (n = 1,169) Parameter estimate SE Mdivi1 in vitro Partial R 2 Parameter estimate SE Partial R 2 Parameter estimate SE Partial R 2 Parameter estimate SE Partial R 2 Intercept −525.3 77.3   −672.2 190.5   −27.1 3.9   −28.9 7.4   Whites 39.21 9.6 0.002* 62.4 24.9 0.002** – 2.2 1.0 0.003** Males 53.9 6.7 0.006* 115.6 17.4 0.018* 2.3 0.4 0.019* – Adolescent height (m) 1,345.9 42.5 0.660* 1,486.5 110.3 0.409* 51.7 2.3 0.580* 47.8

3.0 0.275* Adolescent weight (kg) 8.47 0.2 0.170* 14.0 0.6 0.170* – 0.25 0.02 0.051* Late Tanner stage – 27.3 17.9 0.001 – – Maternal height (m) −485.8 66.9 0.005* −709.4 132.4 0.007* −10.7 3.0 0.004* −14.1 5.0 0.003** Maternal weight (kg) −1.4 0.2 0.003* −2.9 0.4 0.012* – −0.03 0.02 0.004*** Maternal bone measurement 0.32 0.03 0.004* 0.37 0.03 0.029* 0.29 Thalidomide 0.03 0.021* 0.28 0.03 0.084* Total R 2 0.852* 0.648* 0.624* 0.420* Mother’s bone measurement corresponds to the respective TB or LS BA or BMC value for each column. All variables left in the model are significant at the 0.15 level TB total body, BA bone area, BMC bone mineral content, LS lumbar spine *p < 0.001, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01 Factors associated with fractures in 17/18-year-old adolescents Of the 1,389 adolescents with fracture data, 91 (6.6 %) were W, 1,170 (84.2 %) were B and 128 (9.2 %) were MA. Twenty-two percent of the adolescents reported a history of having fractured a bone previously. The percentage of white children who reported fractures was double that of the other groups (W 42 % vs.