H2O-1 For the determination of the phylogenetic position of strain H2O-1, its 16S rRNA gene sequence (1489 bp) was compared with those of some Bacillus spp. available in database. This comparison showed that strain H2O-1 was clustered in a monophyletic group together with B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. LY411575 methylotrophicus (Figure 1). The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between H2O-1

and the type strains of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. Selleckchem LDN-193189 methylotrophicus were 99.8, 99.8 and 99.5%, respectively. Figure 1 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic tree showing affiliation of the Bacillus sp.H2O-1 strain with related species of the genus Bacillus. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with Bacillus acidicola as the outgroup using the Tree Builder algorithm of the Ribosomal Data Base Project (http://​rdp.​cme.​msu.​edu/​index.​jsp). Numbers at the internal nodes represent bootstrap values (> 50%). Bar = 0.001% substitutions per site. Strain H2O-1 was also characterized by using API 50CH test and it produced acid from glycerol, L-arabinose, ribose, D-xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, α-methyl-D-glucoside, amygdaline, arbutine, esculine, salicine, cellobiose, maltose, lactose,

sucrose and trehalose. Strain H2O-1 was not able to utilize 26 other carbohydrates tested. Torin 2 Weak reaction was observed with melibiose, raffinose and Etofibrate turanose. When the API profile shown by strain H2O-1 was compared with those of the other three Bacillus species (B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens

and B. methylotrophicus), it became clear that although strain H2O-1 is very close to these Bacillus species it cannot be considered to represent a typical member of any one of these well-established species (Table 1). Therefore, its identification at genus level was maintained in this study. Table 1 Some biochemical characteristics that differentiate strain H2O-1 from reference strains of phylogenetically related Bacillus species Characteristic (1) (2) (3) (4) Acid production from:         Lactose + – + – Inuline – + – nd Starch – + + nd Glycogen – + – nd Β-gentibiose – + + nd L-arabinose + + – + D-xylose + + – nd Inositol + + – + L-rhamnose – - – + (1) strain H2O-1; (2) B. subtilis DSM10 T (NCTC 3610 T); (3) B. amyloliquefaciens NCIMB 10785 and (4) B. methylotrophicus CBMB205T. Data from Madhaiyan et al. [37], API 50 CH manual and this study. +, positive reaction; -, negative reaction; nd, not determined. Lipopeptide characterization After being released from the lipopeptides by methanolysis, the fatty acid compositions were determined by GC-MS of the FAMEs. Five main peaks on the chromatogram were consistent with fatty acids ranging from C13 to C16. They had MS-fragmentation profile similar to that of β-hydroxy-palmitic acid methyl ester (3-OH-C16:0-O-Me), with a main fragment ion at m/z 103.