76-1.87) and an SMR of 1.96 (1.25-3.08). In no cases did death occur at the onset of diabetes or in childhood. Out of 19 deaths, 9 were diabetes related (n = 6 coma and n = 3 end-stage Entinostat ic50 renal disease). In Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) was higher in adult-onset than in childhood-onset diabetes (HR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.14-13.39), independently of calendar period and gender. (1) Children and young adults with type 1 diabetes experienced a two-fold higher

short-term mortality risk than Italian people of similar age and sex and (2) the risk was higher in adult-onset than in childhood-onset diabetes. The quality of diabetes care should be improved to prevent early deaths. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Millimeter scale near-field optical microscopy is here reported. It is demonstrated in the near infrared by observing light propagating in an integrated glass waveguide. Enlarged near-field imaging was made possible thanks to the use of a homemade interferometric translation stage with nanometric scale repeatabilities combined with a commercial atomic force microscope. An integrated optical component was used as a representative example of multiscale components requiring large scale highly resolved

optical mapping. By imaging stationary waves on a millimeter long range followed by Fourier analysis, an uncertainty of a few 10(-4) on the waveguide modes effective index was obtained. While improving the optogeometrical parameter NU7441 retrieval precision, millimeter scans make the technique sensitive to properties such as birefringence. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: GDC 941 10.1063/1.3200953]“
“Background and aim: Low-fat high-carbohydrate diets raise plasma triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. To test whether the nature of the carbohydrate affects metabolic responses, we conducted a randomized cross-over study using a short-term,

intensive dietary modification.

Methods and results: Eight non-diabetic subjects and four subjects with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes participated. They followed three isoenergetic diets, each for 3 days: high-fat (50% energy from fat), high-starch and high-sugar (each 70% energy from carbohydrate). Normal foods were provided. We measured plasma TG and glucose concentrations, fasting and after a standard test meal, on day 4 following each dietary period. Fasting TG concentrations were greatest following the high-sugar diet (mean +/- SEM for all subjects 1900 +/- 420 mu mol/l) and lowest following high-fat (1010 +/- 130 mu mol/l) (P = 0.001); high-starch (mean 1500 +/- 310) and high-fat did not differ significantly (P = 0.06). There was a greater effect in the diabetic subjects (diet x diabetes status interaction, P = 0.008). Postprandial TG concentrations were similarly affected by prior diet (P < 0.001) with each diet different from the others (P < 0.01).