1 mm. Its classification was based on the reference curve and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I)11 and considered high (obese) when corresponded to values equal or above the 90th percentile.12 Waist circumference was obtained with the use of flexible and inextensible tape measure (Gullik®, Brazil), with resolution of 0.1 cm, applied immediately above the iliac crests. For classification of abdominal obesity, we used the cutoff for all ethnicities (waist circumference ≥ 75°).13 Abdominal obesity was also diagnosed by waist-to-height ratio (waist circumference/height), with cutoff values equal to or greater than 0.5.14 The determination of pubertal selleck screening library stage was based on self-assessment of pubic

hair (P1-P5),15 once it is more reliable than genital self-assessment, in both genders, besides avoiding embarrassment and presenting greater operational convenience in relation to direct assessments.16 Schoolchildren were classified as pre-pubertal (no hairiness or P1), pubertal (hairiness P2-P4) Selleck Trichostatin A and post-pubertal (hairiness P5).

For the classification of post-pubertal stage in girls, reports of menarche were prioritized. The measure of blood pressure was performed according to the recommended techniques,17 using a mercury column sphygmomanometer (Wan Med®, Brazil). Three measures were obtained with a minimum interval of 2 minutes between them, considering valid the mean value of the last two measures. High blood pressure was characterized by the values of systolic an/or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to the 90th percentile or

to 120 mmHg and/or 80 mmHg.18 The economic class was identified by the Brazilian criteria of economic classification.19 Due to the low percentage of students in classes A (5.5%) and D (1.5%) and none in class E, the eight economic classes were grouped into classes A/B (classes A1, A2, PKC inhibitor B1 and B2), and C/D (classes C1, C2 and D). In statistical analysis, the normality of data was confirmed by the Bivariate Correlation Test (MatLab, version 6.1), and the existence of disparate elements (outliers) through Boxplots. The outliers were included in the analysis because they corresponded to the data of obese or overweight subjects, which mattered for the study. To compare the anthropometric and hemodynamic characteristics between genders, Student’s t test was used for independent samples, investigating homogeneity of variances between groups using Lèvene’s test. In order to analyze the relation of the following variables: BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and triceps skinfold thickness, among them and with arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), Pearson’s partial correlation test was used with adjustments for gender, age and sexual maturation. Exploratory analysis of the data showed no linear relationship between x and y, from a certain point of its distribution, assuming logistic curve in S.