In the final analyses, we considered how sequence and color bias information might be traded off during learning in the fixed blocks. Both reaction time and fraction correct analysis of the behavior in the fixed condition suggested that when the sequence switched across blocks the animals reverted to extracting this website information from the fixation stimulus to determine the correct direction of movement. After 3–4 trials the animals then were able to use the accumulated feedback about which sequence

was correct, and execute the sequence from memory. When we examined the behavior we found that color bias and sequence information were integrated, with color bias playing a larger role in the early trials after the sequence switched when action values were small (Figures 9A and 9B), and action value or learning contributing more to decisions later in the block. Both action value and color bias were used to make decisions throughout the block, however, evidenced by the impact of color bias information on decisions even

at the end of the block. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the relative impact of action value and color bias on decisions. The model provided a good fit to the data (Figures 9A and 9B) and both action value (p < 0.001) and color bias (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of choice. Using the coefficients derived from the model, the relative weight of color bias (WColorbias) or its complement action value (WActionvalue=1−WColorbias) on the decision process could be estimated (Figures 9C and 9D). In the next analysis, we click here considered the change in color bias and sequence representation in neural responses in the fixed condition with learning. We assessed this in the neural responses by sorting all data from each recording session according to the RL estimate of the value of individual movements. Movements have low action value early in the block and they increase with trials in the block (Figure 5B). Thus, action value captures how well the animals have learned the sequence. We binned all

the trials by action value and ran the ANOVA model separately on the neural data in each bin, dropping RL from the model (Figures 9E and 9F). Only one time bin (0–300 ms, relative to saccade onset) was analyzed. We found that Histone demethylase the neural representation of sequence increased (fraction of significant units), and color bias decreased, as the action value increased (Figures 9E and 9F). We then used estimates of the relative behavioral weight of action value information, WActionvalus, derived from the behavioral model to predict neural sequence information (fraction of neurons significant for sequence), and the relative behavioral weight of color bias, WColorbias, to predict the neural color bias representation (fraction of neurons significant for color bias). We found that there was a significant relationship between action value and neural sequence information in lPFC (p = 0.