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PAA: Conceived and designed the experiments; PAA, MSE, WMR, and PATP: Performed the experiments; PAA, MSE, and FWGPS: Analysed the data; LHF, SCL, and CLS: Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; PAA, MSE, FWGPS, and LHF: Wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Around 5.2 million children under five years old die yearly due to preventable

infectious diseases like pneumonia and diarrhoea [1, 2]. Among these infectious diseases, viral gastrointestinal infections belong to the most frequent diseases suffered in childhood, especially in the developing world. Rotavirus, a RNA virus, is the most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children worldwide [3, 4]. Although there is already a successful rotavirus vaccine in the market, the epidemic in the developing world is far from being controlled [4, 5]. Apart from being not affordable for low-income population groups, it has also been shown that protection induced by natural infection and vaccination is reduced in developing areas, VX-680 where among other factors, children are infected at an early age and high viral challenge loads are usual [6]. Moreover, Latin America in general and northern Argentina in particular, presents a significant population of malnourished children with its associated burden of otherwise preventable infectious

diseases such as rotavirus infections [2]. Several studies have demonstrated that certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains can exert their beneficial effect on the host through their immunomodulatory activity. In this sense, some studies have centred on whether immunoregulatory probiotic LAB (immunobiotics) might sufficiently stimulate the intestinal immune DCLK1 system to provide protection against viral infections. It was reported that probiotics can exerts some beneficial effects in rotavirus intestinal infections such as shortening the duration of diarrhoea, reducing the number of episodes, lessening rotavirus shedding, normalizing gut permeability and increasing the production of rotavirus-specific antibodies [7–9]. In an attempt to find low-cost alternatives for the prevention of infectious diseases we have developed a new probiotic yogurt, containing the immunobiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505, able to improve resistance against respiratory and intestinal infections.