Surgical time for previous epicardial and current IV lead placement approaches was compared. The ECG signals were assessed for up to 32 weeks post-surgery. Signal quality was assessed based on good wave/total wave (GW/TW) ratios calculated using ECG PRO (Ponemah Physiology Platform, Version 4.8) and variability
in this website ECG parameter measurements for each surgical model. Clinical pathology was assessed on all animals before surgery and approximately 2 and 12 weeks post-surgery. A specialized necropsy was conducted on four animals (two PCT and two PCTP) to assess the tolerability of telemetry equipment; selected tissues were examined microscopically. Results: Surgical time using the IV lead method was approximately 18% shorter than the epicardial lead method. The GW/TW ratio for IV lead-implanted dogs indicated good durability of signal that was similar to epicardial leads. Intra-and inter-animal variability in ECG parameter measurements was similar between IV lead-implanted and epicardial lead-implanted dogs. Clinical pathology revealed no noteworthy findings, and the IV/diaphragmatic surgical approach had minimal consequences on local vasculature and associated implantation sites. Discussion: Advantages of the IV/diaphragmatic lead model include a less invasive and shorter surgical procedure; high tissue tolerance,
ECG signal quality, and durability; Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor and data processing procedures similar to that of epicardial leads. Therefore, the IV/diaphragmatic lead configuration is a viable alternative to more invasive surgical approaches for telemetry device implantation in dogs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Nonadherence with medication treatment has been found to occur in large proportions of patients with a broad range of chronic conditions. Our aim was to perform a systematic
review Fludarabine nmr of the literature examining adherence with treatments for inflammatory rheumatic conditions to assess the magnitude of the problem in this patient population.
Methods: A MEDLINE search of English language literature was performed to identify studies published between January 1, 1985 and November 30, 2007 that evaluated adherence with chronic medications needed in the treatment of rheumatic conditions.
Results: A total of 20 articles met the criteria for evaluation, the majority of which focused on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Most of the studies examined the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Adherence was assessed based on self-report, pill counts, pharmacy dispensings, openings of pill containers using electronic devices, laboratory assays, and physician assessment. Adherence varied greatly based on the adherence measure used, arthritic condition evaluated, and medication under study.