Table 1 Oligonucleotide primers pairs used in this MEK162 solubility dmso study Primer pairs Sequence (5′-3′) PCR products (Size) Predicted products/Size (amino acid residues) plyBt33-F/ BamHI GAGGATCC *ATGGGTTACACTGTAGATATTTC plyBt33 (816bp) PlyBt33/33kDa (amino acid residues 1–272) plyBt33-R/ SalI GACGTCGACTTCTTTTGTATAAAAGTATTTAA     plyBt33-F/ BamHI GAGGATCCATGGGTTACACTGTAGATATTTC plyBt33-N (558bp) PlyBt33-N/24kDa (amino acid residues 1–186) plyBt33-N-R/ SalI GACGTCGACTGTAAACCAATCTAACGACT     plyBt33-IC-F/BamHI GAGGATCCCTTGGATACACTTCAAAAAT

plyBt33-IC (258bp) PlyBt33-IC/11kDa (amino acid residues 187–272) plyBt33-R/ SalI GACGTCGACTTCTTTTGTATAAAAGTATTTAA     *The characters underline represents the restriction enzymes digest sites. Protein expression and purification Three transformants containing genes plyBt33, plyBt33-N, and plyBt33-IC were cultured in click here LB broth containing 100 μg/ml ampicillin at 37°C with moderate rotation until cultures reached OD600 = 0.4. Cultures were then induced by the addition of 1 mM IPTG at 16°C for 4 h. Cells were collected by centrifugation at 10,000 × g

for 10 min and resuspended in 20 mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.5). Following ultrasonication, debris was removed by centrifugation and the suspensions were harvested. Following filtration, proteins in the suspensions were purified using a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA; Qiagen, German) column according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Proteins PlyBt33 and PlyBt33-N were analyzed using 10% SDS-PAGE, while protein PlyBt33-IC was analyzed using 15% SDS-PAGE. Protein concentrations were calculated using the Bradford method [45]. Purified proteins were dialyzed against 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and stored at −20°C until required. Lytic activity

assay Crude protein extracts and purified proteins were assayed for lytic activity as described previously [7, 17]. B. thuringiensis Dibutyryl-cAMP concentration strains HD-73 and HD-1, four B. thuringiensis isolates, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B cereus, B. anthracis, and the Gram-negative strains P. aeruginosa, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and E. coli were used as indicator strains. Strains Bacterial neuraminidase were grown to mid-exponential phase in LB broth, and then cells were harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0). The Gram-negative strain cells were treated with 1 mM EDTA in PBS to permeabilize the outer membranes prior to testing their susceptibility to PlyBt33. For rapid screening of the lytic spectrum, the indicator strains were plated onto LB plates and crude lysate of expressed proteins was added to filter paper that was placed on the bacterial lawn. Plates were incubated at 30°C overnight. Additionally, purified proteins were added at a ratio of 1:9 to cell suspensions (initial OD600 = 0.8) and the absorbance at OD600was monitored at 37°C for 1 h with a multimode reader (Bio-Tek Synergy HT, Winooski, VT). The crude extract of E.