The innermost ring again depicts the core (very light green) regions present in all three strains and the regions absent from strain Pm70 but present in other sequenced strains using the same color scheme. Twelve proteins were also identified that were present in both strains P1059 and X73 at greater than 90% amino acid similarity, but at less than 90% similarity in strain Pm70 (Table 2). Among the twelve proteins identified were several

membrane-associated proteins, including LspB, PfhB3, Opa, and SprT. The presence of divergent protein sequences that are membrane-associated is suggestive of adaptation of P. multocida strains towards particular hosts. BMN 673 order Table 2 Predicted proteins of interest present in P. multocida strains X73 and P1059 at greater than 90% similarity but present at less than 90% similarity in strain Pm70 Gene locus Length (aa) Predicted function 00056 576 Hemolysin activator protein precursor 00060 1767 Exoprotein involved in heme utilization or adhesion – PfhB3 00219 96 Hypothetical protein 00361 617 Outer membrane iron receptor protein-Fe transport 00444 80 Hypothetical protein 00514 116 Hypothetical protein 00515 91 Hypothetical protein 00522 70 Hypothetical protein 00795 972 Beta-1,3-glucosyltransferase find more 01068 197 Opacity family integral membrane protein-Opa protein 01069

169 SprT- protein 01350 424 Nucleoside permease -NupC There were also predicted proteins identified as unique to strains P1059 (148 total) and X73 (127 total) compared to strain dipyridamole Pm70. Many of these proteins were again of unknown

function and/or associated with prophage-like elements (Additional file 1: Table S1 and Additional file 2: Table S2). However, some systems unique to each strain were noteworthy. In strain P1059, one unique region contained six genes predicted as involved in the transport and modification of citrate, and the conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate via citrate lyase (00080 to 00085). This system was absent in all other sequenced P. multocida genomes. The conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate is linked to citrate fermentation. Also unique to strain P1059, but present in strains 36950, 3480, and HN06, are four genes involved in xylose ABC transport system with a transcriptional repressor (01538 to 01541). Present in strains X73 and 36950 was a putative toxin-antitoxin system Emricasan cost similar to the HipAB systems (genes 02005 and 02006). Finally, genes for several novel proteins with similarity to the previously described Pfh-type filamentous hemagglutinins were identified in strains P1059 and X73. Strain P1059 contained a novel predicted filamentous hemagglutinin (designated PfhB4 – gene # 00523) that shares similarity with PfhB1 and PfhB2 from P. multocida. PfhB4 has conserved domains related to hemagglutination activity, two-partner secretion, hemagglutinin repeats, and toxicity. PfhB4 is present only in strains P1059, HN06, and 3480 (Figure 3).