A case-control study was carried out in which cases and controls were gathered from a prospective cohort of all hospitalized patients in an infectious see more disease hospital during a five-year study period.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that enteral nutrition (OR = 14.9), parenteral nutrition (OR = 10.7), and use of ciprofloxacin (OR = 8.9) were associated with a significant and independent risk for MR-PA acquisition.

Conclusions: Although cross-colonization was likely responsible for the outbreaks, the use of ciprofloxacin was also an important factor associated with the acquisition of an epidemic MR-PA strain. More studies are

necessary to determine whether different types of nutrition could lead to modification of gastrointestinal flora, thereby increasing the risk for infection/colonization by MR-PA in this population. (C) 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.”
“Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomially acquired infection that has a significant burden on intensive care units (ICUs). We investigated the incidence of VAP in children after cardiac surgery and its impact on morbidity and mortality. A prospective cross-sectional review was performed in the postoperative cardiac patients in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU) patients

from March 2010 until the end of September 2010. The patients were divided into two groups: the VAP group and the non-VAP group, Demographic data and perioperative risk variables were collected GSI-IX cell line for all patients. One hundred thirty-seven patients were recruited, 65 (48 %) female Ro 61-8048 and 72 (52 %) male. VAP occurred in 9 patients (6.6 %). Average body weights in the VAP and non-VAP groups were 5.9 +/- A 1.24 and 7.3 +/- A 0.52 kg, respectively. In our PCICU, the mechanical ventilation (MV) use ratio was 26 % with a VAP-density rate of 29/1000 ventilator days. Univariate analyses showed that the risk variables to develop VAP are as follows: prolonged cardiopulmonary

bypass (CPB) time, use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and prolonged ICU stay (p < 0.002 for all). Thirty-three percent of VAP patients had Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). VAP Patients require more MV hours, longer stay, and more inhaled nitric oxide. Mortality in the VAP group was 11 % and in the non-VAP group was 0.7 % (p = 0.28). VAP incidence is high in children after cardiac surgery mainly by GNB. VAP increases with longer CPB time, administration of TPN, and longer PCICU stay. VAP increases morbidity in postoperative cardiac patients.”
“Objective. This study evaluated the renal and functional outcome in a cohort of adolescents with congenital spinal malformations followed at this department since birth. All patients went through same follow-up and algorithm of intervention during childhood. None of the patients was treated prophylactically, apart from receiving antibiotics.