The majority of low- and intermediate-risk recipients who had received IL-2Ra induction therapy were Caucasian, male and had received kidneys from deceased donors. Low- and intermediate-risk recipients receiving pre-emptive grafts (31% and 40%, respectively) were more likely to have had received IL-2Ra compared with recipients with non-pre-emptive grafts (16% and 27%, respectively). Low- and intermediate-risk recipients initiated on tacrolimus (27% and 46%, respectively) were more likely to have been given IL-2Ra compared with recipients receiving cyclosporine (16% and 22%,

respectively). Less than 5% of all transplant recipients received IL-2Ra prior Ku-0059436 datasheet to 2001. Figure 1 shows the unadjusted Kaplan–Meier survival analyses of overall graft failure by IL-2Ra

in low-risk (Fig. 1A) and intermediate-risk (Fig. 1B) recipients. In the low-risk recipients, there was no relationship between the use of IL-2Ra and overall graft failure in the adjusted model. In the intermediate-risk recipients, the use of IL-2Ra was associated with an increased risk of overall graft failure in the adjusted model (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.04, 1.69; Tables 2,3). There was a significant ZVADFMK interaction between IL-2Ra and transplanting states so that the effect of IL-2Ra on the hazard of graft failure differed by which state the transplant was performed. Donor and recipient characteristics associated with higher risk of overall graft failure in both low- and intermediate-risk models include older and deceased donor grafts, younger recipients, presence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In addition, indigenous recipients and longer time on dialysis were associated with increased risk of graft failure in intermediate-risk recipients. There was no relationship between the use of IL-2Ra and DCGF in both low- and intermediate-risk transplant recipients in the adjusted Cox proportional hazard model (Tables 2,3).

For low-risk recipients, donor and recipient characteristics associated with increased risk of DCGF include live-donor transplants, Caucasian and younger recipients, whereas for intermediate-risk recipients, older donor grafts and younger recipients were associated with increased risk of DCGF. Similarly, there was no association between the use of IL-2Ra and DFG in low- and intermediate-risk transplant Ureohydrolase recipients. For low-risk recipients, donor and recipient characteristics associated with increased risk of DFG include deceased-donor transplants, older recipients, diabetes and current smoker, whereas for intermediate-risk recipients, older donors, older recipients, longer duration on dialysis and diabetes were associated with increased risk of DFG. Figure 2 shows the cumulative incidences of DCGF and DFG by use of IL-2Ra induction in low-risk (Fig. 2A) and intermediate-risk (Fig. 2B) recipients, considering the two as competing events.