While some key features of this neuropathy have recently been elucidated, there is still no satisfying pathophysiological explanation for the generation of neuropathic pain in CP. It is becoming increasingly clear that an effective pain treatment in CP can probably not be achieved without consideration of selleck inhibitor the exact fate of intrapancreatic nerves and central neuroplastic

alterations. This review is intended to illustrate the temporal and spatial alterations of intrapancreatic nerves in the course of CP. At the same time, it depicts the reciprocal relationship between these plastic changes and thus underlines the notion of a ‘common fate’ for all these alterations. Moreover, it points out numerous aspects of this fate that are yet to be unveiled and should therefore be subject to future

investigation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: This study provides intermediate-term follow-up data on the vascular status of a cohort of children with a perfused, pulseless supracondylar humeral fracture who were managed with closed reduction, percutaneous pinning, and observation.

Methods: Pediatric patients who sustained a perfused, pulseless supracondylar humeral fracture in the period from 2007 to 2011 and who had at least six months of clinical follow-up were identified and returned for evaluation. The primary outcome was vascular status buy AG-881 as indicated by palpation of the radial pulse, the wrist brachial index, and arterial patency on duplex ultrasound. Secondary outcomes included functional parameters assessed with the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), arm circumference, arm length, elbow motion, neurologic findings, muscle endurance, grip strength, and intolerance to cold.

Results: Follow-up data were obtained for twenty of thirty-six patients with a Gartland type-Ill fracture who had been managed with closed reduction and percutaneous

pinning. Five patients had a return of a palpable pulse in the operating room after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. All twenty had a palpable CFTRinh-172 mw radial pulse at the time of the latest follow-up, and all nerve palsies resolved. Duplex ultrasound performed at the time of follow-up showed that fourteen patients had a patent brachial artery, five had brachial artery occlusion with large collateral vessels, and one had severe arterial stenosis. All fourteen patients with a patent brachial artery, two of the five with an occluded brachial artery, and the patient with a stenotic brachial artery had a normal wrist brachial index. Three patients with an occluded brachial artery had an abnormal wrist brachial index (0.73, 0.71, and 0.80). No differences between the injured and uninjured sides were observed with regard to arm circumference, arm length, elbow motion, muscle endurance, or grip strength.